River crossings in the Icelandic Highlands: What every driver needs to know

The Icelandic Highlands are one of the most remote and breathtaking regions of the country. They are home to colorful rhyolite mountains, volcanic deserts, glacier-fed valleys, and geothermal wonders that feel untouched by time. For adventurous travellers, driving into the Highlands is the ultimate road trip.

But along with their beauty, the Highlands come with challenges—none more daunting than river crossings. The unpaved F-roads that crisscross the Highlands often cut across glacial rivers. For visitors unfamiliar with these conditions, attempting a river crossing can be one of the most dangerous parts of a journey.

If you’re planning to rent a 4x4 and head into the interior, understanding river crossings is essential. This guide explains the risks, how to approach them safely, and why preparation is key to avoiding accidents.

Why river crossings are so dangerous

At first glance, a shallow glacial river might not look threatening. But in Iceland, appearances can be deceptive. River crossings are hazardous because:

Unpredictable depth: Riverbeds are uneven, and currents shift sediment constantly. A section that looks shallow may hide a deep hole.
Strong currents: Glacier meltwater flows fast, especially on warm days. Even a seemingly small river can push a vehicle off course.
Changing conditions: Rivers swell after rain or during warm afternoons when glacier melt is at its peak. A ford that was safe in the morning may be impassable by evening.
Cold water: If a car stalls mid-river, icy water can flood the engine and cabin quickly, creating a dangerous situation for passengers.
Limited assistance: In the Highlands, help is often hours away. A mistake at a river crossing can leave you stranded in remote wilderness.

Because of these risks, river crossings require both the right vehicle and the right knowledge.

Why you need a 4x4 rental

River crossings in the Highlands are only permitted with 4x4 vehicles. Attempting them in a standard car is illegal, unsafe, and will almost certainly damage the vehicle. A proper 4x4 provides:

Higher ground clearance, allowing the car to pass through deeper water without flooding.
Four-wheel drive traction, which keeps the vehicle steady against strong currents.
Robust build quality, designed to handle rough gravel roads and shifting terrain.

How to approach a river crossing safely

Even with the right vehicle, river crossings demand caution. Here are key steps to take before driving through any ford:

1. Stop and assess the river

Never drive straight into a crossing. Park safely, get out of the car, and study the river. Look at the speed of the current, the shape of the riverbank, and the clarity of the water. If the water is muddy, it may be deeper than it looks.

2. Check for markers and tracks

Some popular crossings have marker posts or cairns that show the safest path. In other places, tyre tracks from previous vehicles can indicate the best line. However, conditions can change quickly, so never rely solely on them.

3. Walk the crossing if possible

If conditions allow, walk into the river to check its depth and the firmness of the bottom. Use a stick to test the ground as you go. Water above your knees is generally too deep for most vehicles.

4. Engage low gear and drive steadily

When ready, switch your 4x4 into low gear. Enter the water slowly and maintain a steady, consistent speed. Do not stop mid-crossing, and avoid changing gear while in the river. A bow wave should form in front of your car—this helps keep water from flooding the engine.

5. Cross at the shallowest, widest point

The safest path is usually where the river is widest, since shallow water spreads across a broad bed. Narrow points often mean deeper water and stronger currents.

6. Never take risks

If you are unsure about a crossing, turn back. No destination in the Highlands is worth endangering yourself or damaging your car.

Common mistakes to avoid

Crossing too fast: Speeding through creates waves that can flood the engine.
Crossing too slowly: Stopping in the middle of the river increases the risk of stalling.
Following others blindly: Just because another vehicle made it through doesn’t mean yours will. Different cars have different clearance and traction.
Crossing at the wrong time of day: Rivers swell in the afternoon due to glacier melt. Cross early in the day when water levels are lower.
Ignoring weather conditions: Heavy rain upstream can make rivers rise rapidly, even if it’s sunny where you are.

What to do if things go wrong

Even careful drivers can get into trouble. If your car stalls in the river:

Stay calm: Don’t panic, as sudden movements make things worse.
Evacuate safely: If water starts rising inside the vehicle, exit carefully and wade to shore.
Do not attempt to restart the engine: Water in the engine can cause severe damage.
Call for assistance: Contact emergency services or your rental provider once you’re safe.

This is another reason why having a reliable rental company matters—they can provide guidance and support if things go wrong.

Famous river crossings in the Highlands

Some crossings are notorious among travellers:

Krossá (Þórsmörk): One of the most challenging, with strong currents that change daily. Even large 4x4s can struggle here.
Fords on F208 to Landmannalaugar: These vary from easy to moderately difficult, depending on rainfall.
Crossings near Askja: Long stretches of gravel lead to several unpredictable rivers.

Knowing which routes involve tricky crossings helps you plan wisely and choose destinations within your comfort zone.

Alternatives to driving yourself

For travellers who want to see the Highlands but aren’t comfortable with river crossings, there are alternatives:

Guided super jeep tours: Larger, modified vehicles with experienced drivers handle river crossings with ease.
Public Highland buses: In summer, buses run to places like Landmannalaugar, avoiding the need to drive yourself.
Day trips combined with self-drive: You can rent a car for the Ring Road and join guided tours just for the Highlands.

Final thoughts

River crossings are part of what makes the Icelandic Highlands so wild and alluring. They offer the thrill of venturing where few people go, but they also come with serious risks. Understanding the dangers, preparing carefully, and respecting your limits are essential for a safe trip.

The right 4x4 vehicle is the first step to tackling these challenges, but knowledge and caution matter just as much. For peace of mind, rent through a trusted company like Iceland Car Rental, where vehicles are suited to Iceland’s unique terrain and advice is always available.

Exploring the Highlands is unforgettable—but only if you do it safely. Take your time, assess each crossing, and remember: sometimes the bravest decision is to turn back.